Communism A Theory Or System Of Social Organization

Communism Communism is a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. The word ‘communism’ derived from Latin word ‘communis’ which means common, universal. ( Dictionary Reference- Communism) In the 1840s, a German philosopher named Karl Marx published books that talking about Marxism which is known as communism nowadays. Marx said class struggle is a problem of the society. Marx founded the Communist Correspondence Committee in 1846. Their plan was to try and link socialist who live in different part of Europe. In this time many socialist leaders were influenced by Marxism. This is the begging of the communism. The concept of Marxism is socialism versus nationalism. Nationalism is based on ownership of property; however socialism is control and management of property by society. Marxism is based on socialism which property is controlled by society. Communism’s most important goal is reaching utopia. Utopia is made by Thomas More in 1516. It is a combination of Greek ‘Î µÃ¡ ½â€"’ which mean ‘good’ and ‘τÏÅ'πΠ¿Ãâ€šÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ which mean ‘place’. So utopia mean ‘good place’. But nowadays’ standard usage describes utopia as non-existing society that is much better than the society which we are living right now. Thomas More’s book, ‘Utopia’, describes how utopia really looks like. In the book, ’utopia’, There are 100, 0000 people living in this island. And there is no moneyShow MoreRelatedCommunism: A Theory Or System Of Social Organization Based1597 Words   |  7 PagesCommunism: a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, with actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state (Dictionary.com). Communism is the ideology that abolishes all private property, and claims to abolish all social classes. The Communist Manifesto was a publication written by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in 1847 and published in 1848. It was written to provide the platform of the Communist Party. Their intentionRead MoreCommunism: Its Origins and World Impact Essay1025 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism, a Basic Human Perspective! To this day people who were ruled by communist government still feel the pain and results from it. Communism can be seen as a theory and a system of both political and social organization that has had a great impact on the world through most of the twentieth century. Let us begin by defining what communism is, where it all began, who were some of the key people that played a major role in communism, and when it fell apart. There are many different definitionsRead MoreCommunism Vs. 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Despite the creation of an extreme regime, including suppression, forced labor camps, execution of people with different ideologies, bribes etc., the communists had a great goal at first. The Communist Party wanted to achieve social and financial equality in a classless and stateless society in which the fulfillment of human needs including satisfying work and an equal share of benefit derived from labor was essential. Although communism didn’t succeed in RussiaRead MoreCommunism : A Social, Economic, And Political Ideology1093 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism is a social, economic, and political ideology. Under a true communist system, all people are to be equal politically, economically, and socially. The people are supposed to own everything communally; from businesses, to food, and beyond. No social classes are to exist under a true communist system, as all people receive the same quality and quantity of possessions as everyone else. 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After Karl finished school and earned a doctorate from the University of Jena in 1841, he wrote for Rheinische Zeitung, a radical newspaper in Cologne. During this time he began to work on his theory of the materialist conception of art. It is principally a theory of history according to which the materialRead MoreRelationship between Communism and Fascism984 Words   |  4 Pagesvirtually using anything available as in the case in 1939. Communism and Fascism are revolutionary moments that were majorly felt during the twentieth century across the world and specifically in European Countries such as Germany, Russia, Japan, and Italy among others. These two principles of governance have some common characteristics among them on one hand and differences at some instances. This paper tries show the relationship between Communism and Fascism, their similarities, differences and which

Enron An Overview Of The Corporation Essay - 2236 Words

An Overview of the Corporation Enron was a major commodities and energy company that was headquartered in Houston, Texas. It was a company once very respected and, in the eyes of the public, very profitable. It placed in the top 20 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2000, and its stock was considered at a time to be blue chip, guaranteed to make stable gains over time. Enron formed as a merger between two natural gas companies, Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth, officially becoming the company known as Enron in 1979, after newly appointed CEO Kenneth Lay moved the company’s headquarters and began a search for a name to replace the current operating name of HNG/InterNorth. Enron became one of the world’s prominent electricity and natural gas companies before its bankruptcy in 2001, employing over 20,000 employees. Its operations were largely focussed within the United States, but they had some international outreach. Upon officially becoming Enron, the company leadership slowly transitioned the focus of t he company from energy production to trading and supply: making its profits off of margins of energy commodities it traded. It was named ‘America’s Most Innovative Company’ by Fortune for six consecutive years (1996-2001), largely because of the success of Enron Online, an electronic site that allowed users to trade energy commodities with the company. However, failures of Enron in the retail energy market, water market, and large investments into high-speed telecom thatShow MoreRelatedReasons for Enrons Business Failure1434 Words   |  6 PagesEnron - Reasons for Business Failure Abstract Various major companies in the past have witnessed unimaginable growth of their businesses, but some of them eventually had to succumb to downfall as their business models failed. 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The Return of the Jedi Essay Example For Students

The Return of the Jedi Essay Cale ScheinbaumJim Monsonis Society and Religion19 November 1996So far this semester, we have studied several different sociologicaltheories of religion. These theories are built on both the known history ofreligions in the world and the cultures in which they originated, as well as,appropriately enough, theoretical suggestions of how those religions, and indeedany religion at all, will survive in the future. The theory I find the most trueis Stark and Bainbridges in The Future of Religion, although I like someelements from others, like Bergers concepts of reification and secularization. George Lucass Star Wars trilogy, apart from being incrediblyentertaining and extremely well-made, gives us a complete portrait of a society(The Empire) and a religion (Jediism, for lack of a better term). Although themovies are mostly devoted to the growth of the characters, throughout thetrilogy we see the society change in a drastic manner. This paper will examinethe history of Jediism, the current (as of the end of the last movie) status ofthe religion, and offer some suggestions as to what we can expect from Jediismin the future. I. The ReligionTo examine the future of religion as it relates to society, one mustfirst have an idea of the tenets and beliefs on which the religion is based. Jediism is based solely on belief in the force, a Universal energy field thatsurrounds us and permeates us. (O. Kenobi, SW) Stark and Bainbridge make thepoint that any religion based on magic or magic-like rituals is fated to die outunless the magic can work constantly and consistently. This, they argue, is whymany religions change from promising magic, which is quite verifiable (Did he,in fact, levitate?) to promising compensators, a sort of unverifiable magic. Agood example of this is the Christian Heaven. Stark and Bainbridge take it as agiven, however, that magic, or abilities that parallel magic, do not, in fact,exist. This makes an attempt to theorize about the future of Jediism moredifficult, since the religion is based, in part, on the belief that oneness withthe force has the ability to confer extraordinary powers to individuals abelief than is vindicated numerous times throughout the series. The internal organization of the religion is, apparently, entirelynonexistant. There is no leader, nor is there any defined structure. Much likeclassical Taoism, various masters exist, and students and supplicants must seekout a master on their own in order to learn. There is no hierarchy to advance in,other than the ability to eventually hone ones faith to a degree that one cantake on ones own students. The test of this is whether the student becomesattached to the dark side of the force, as did Obi-Wan Kenobis first pupil,Anakin Skywalker, later known as Darth Vader. The beliefs of Jediism, again, can be compared to classical Taoism. Thetrue Jedi believes in calm, and strives to maintain calm at all times. He canexperience emotions, but he does not let his emotions control him. He is at onewith his environment at all times. He is fully aware of the existance of allthose around him, and holds free will as one of his highest ideals. He is notviolent, but, if necessary, can fight extremely well and end conflicts ratherquickly. His ultimate goal is universal peace. Jediism is unique, however, inthat along with it developed a mirror religion, one that I will call, for lackof a better term, Dark Jediism. The tenets of Dark Jediism are all based onpersonal desires. To the Dark Jedi, other people are nothing but pawns withwhich to attain more personal power or resources. Peace is the defense ofweaklings who dont know how to fulfill their desires. The ultimate goal of theDark Jedi is to have complete and total control over the universe. This state,with th e two sides of the force existant and constantly at war, might becompared to a somewhat reified form of Zoroastrianism, in which the twouniversal natures (Good and Evil) not only existed, but were constantly beingsupported and battled over by their adherents. .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 , .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 .postImageUrl , .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 , .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389:hover , .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389:visited , .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389:active { border:0!important; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389:active , .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389 .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua01594ba73b5efbf1123c53de5d6b389:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gay Marriage EssayII. The SocietyAccording to the many of the theories which we have read this semester,a religions success is directly related to whether or not it is at odds withthe society in which it exists. If this is the case, Jediism is heading toward amajor revival. In order to fully comprehend the future of Jediism, we must lookat the society in which it exists the Galactic Empire. Before the Emperor tookpower, the galactic government was one of peaceful coexistence. All planets gaveeach of the other planets the right to live as they pleased. The galaxy wasgoverned by a representative from each planet that met together and formed alegislative and executive body. T his was the Old Republic, and it was verysympathetic to Jediism. Obi-Wan Kenobi tells us that during the Old Republic,there were many Jedi Masters, and they travelled the galaxy righting wrongs andspreading Jediism. It began to decay, however, when one of the senators, Palpatine,covertly converted to Dark Jediism and began using his powers and his influenceto slowly take over more and more of the system, until he had amassed enoughpower to dissolve the Republic and declare himself Emperor, in a situationsimiliar to that of Julius Caesar. As Emperor, Palpatine began a totalitarianregime, enslaving non-humans, and persecuting and then assassinating all of theJedi Masters he could find. He did this with the help of Darth Vader, one ofObi-Wan Kenobis pupils who turned to the Dark Side of the force. Palpatine alsotrained several of his subordinates in Dark Jediism, in order to enforce hispolitical agenda in the same way that the Jedi Masters had enforced that of theOld Republic. The society as it stands at the start of the movies is a classictotalitarian regime with a large black market, an underground rebellion movement,powerful crime lords, and spies for all sides everywhere. III. The PresentAs it stands at the end of the movies, the Emperor has been killed,Darth Vader has rejoined the Jedi Masters, Leia is organizing the New Republic,and Luke goes out into the galaxy to spread Jediism. What can we expect from thefuture? First of all, Jediism is a religion that does not do a lot oflegislating of moralities. Apart from basic liberties (Life, liberty, pursuit ofhappiness, etc.) Jediism mostly stays out of peoples private lives. As the NewRepublic grows, though, Jediism will start assuming a more secular role, perhapseventually slipping into an almost judicial branch of the galactic government. When this happens, other small sects will start to spring up. (In the Star Warsnovels, one or two sects of Jediism are discovered.) Perhaps a cult of DarkJediism will begin in the same manner as Jediism did during the time of theEmpire. The one opposing force to the secularization of Jediism will be, Ipredict, the Jedi Masters themselves. The drive to secularize will come mostlyfrom the government, which will be in awe of the magic-like abilities of theJedi Masters. The Masters, however, will realize that any form of secularizationprecludes understanding of the force, and will resist this. In the end, some ofthe younger Jedi will go into direct serrvice for the government. When thishappens, they will begin to lean toward the dark side of the force, since anygovernment is necessarily a compromise between limiting the personal freedomsthat Jediism demands and removing personal freedoms in order to create order andto continue to reify the current regime. This being the case, the Masters willmost probably go into temporary exile, allowing the young Jedi to rise in thegovernment and social order, taking more and more power for themselves. .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb , .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb .postImageUrl , .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb , .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb:hover , .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb:visited , .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb:active { border:0!important; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb:active , .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u029d6936057419a31f25c5e3430019cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nazi Leaders In World War II EssayIn this light, the beginning of the movies seems perfectly fitting. Thisexact same process that I just described would have occured about 20 years ago,leaving the government ripe for takeover by Emperor Palpatine. In the end, Ipredict that Jediism will follow Stark and Bainbridges model, first rising,then secularizing, then falling, then being rediscovered, then rising again. Dark Jediism, the counterpart, will also continue in the same cycle, though on alesser scale, since it does not recruit anywhere near as effectively or aszealously as regular Jediism does. Though the Star Wars series is a filmmakingaccomplishment of extraordinary magnitude, it also deserves much credit, I think,as a sociologically correct study of the interaction of a society and a religionon a galactic level. Category: Religion

Robert Frosts Poem Essays - Rhyme, Rhyme Scheme, Poetry,

Robert Frosts Poem What is poetry? Poetry is a lyrical way of expressing emotion. It is language charged with meaning and framed to be heard for contemplation. Poetry is a pleasant sounding work; the emotions that drive the words fill poetry with deep meaning. The reader must analyze every word to get the full meaning of a poem. An excellent example of deeper meaning within a poem is Robert Frost's Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening. This poem is layered with different meanings; it requires the reader to contemplate Frost's emotions behind the words. Poems, much like pictures, are framed. A picture frame gives a definite border and look to a picture. One way in which a poem can be framed is the look of the poem; how many stanzas are in the poem, how many lines in the stanza, and how many feet are in a line are all examples of framing. Echo and rhyme are two other options an author can choose from when framing his or her work. Unlike fiction and other types of stories, poetry always needs to be heard or read aloud. Hearing poetry is one of the key ingredients in grasping what the poet is trying to convey. In Robert Frost's Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening, many different poetic devices can be heard. For instance, the whole poem has a consistent meter. Meter regulates the free-flowing, irregular rhythms of ordinary speech (Guth, Rico 477). Every two syllables are called a foot; Frost breaks every line into four feet. These happen to be iambic feet because the last syllable is the stressed syllable. Rhyme is another key element to poetry. Rhyme is defined as an echo effect produced when a poet repeats the same sounds at the end of the final syllables of two or more lines (Guth, Rico 475). The rhyme scheme is very interesting in this poem. The rhyme scheme seems very basic, but there is a second aspect that is critical. The basic rhyme scheme for the first three stanzas is AABA. The interesting twist to this poem's rhyme scheme is that the third line in each stanza rhymes with the first, second, and fourth lines of the next stanza throughout the poem; in the last stanza, all four lines rhyme. The most important element of poetry is the fact that it is charged with meaning. Normally poems are shorter than other works. This makes each word of a poem extremely significant. Every word has a key role in the deeper meaning of the poem. In the first stanza, we see a man stopping in the forest to watch it fill up with snow. Here, the woods in the poem symbolize death. The woods and death are both looked at as very cold miserable things. Frost is trying to convey, through the picture of cold and dreary woods, that the man is contemplating suicide. At this point in the man's life, getting lost and dying in the woods seems easier than facing all of his troubles. In the next stanza, his horse is pulling at the reins trying to get him to leave the cold woods. The horse is representing the side of him that wants to return and confront his troubles. In the following stanza, only serene thoughts are portrayed. Again, the man is pondering whether or not to stay in the deep and lonely woods. "The woods are lovely, dark and deep ( 474. 13 )." With this line, he is telling himself he would die in peace if he stayed within the depth of the silent woods. "But I have promises to keep,/ And miles to go before I sleep,/ And miles to go before I sleep (474. 14-16)." These final lines remind the man that he has commitments to loved ones to support them; he can not abandon these people that he loves so much. These lines are repeated to warrant that continuing home is the fit thing for the man to do. This entire poem uses words that paint very vivid images of the peaceful woods and death. Without these exact words, this poem could lack several layers of meaning and emotion. When using these three key elements of poetry, it is much easier to analyze and gain the full meaning of a poem. Understanding that the man in the poem is contemplating suicide opens the poem up to be much more than four trivial stanzas. It becomes a picture of how someone who might be

The Group Theater essays

The Group Theater essays The Group Theatre began as a small company that provided actors and actresses with a means and a location to practice plays. Three people, Harold Clurman, Lee Strasberg, and Cheryl Crawford formed The Group Theatre. The Group Theatre escalated in 1931 and ended abruptly in 1941 prevailing through the years there were hits, periods of flops, financial straits, depressing inactivity, and spiraling to as glittering of a success as any on Broadway. This story however is also the story of growth and development throughout American cultural life in the thirties. The year is 1928, and the tedious beginning of The Group Theatre began when Harold Clurman answered the call of a real estate man, Sidney Ross, who was thinking of going into theatrical production and was seeking an aide of some kind. Clurman then contacted his friend, Strasberg, and the two of them outlined their ideas. The proposal was quite simple, they wanted to work on a play that had no formal production plans, but the work would be instructive to the actors, and a new theatre might be born of their modest efforts. After many weeks of rehearsals their play was viewed by an exclusive audience, and Waldo Frank, who had written the play advised Ross that the play should be run, the members reviewed the idea and came up with their own proposal-they would rehearse another play, and if the outcome was the same response they would head to New York. After six weeks they performed the play to about 100 people, and got the same response, however nothing happened, and the experiment was finished. Cheryl Crawford urged Clurman to prepare for future by finding actors for their more permanent company. Some actors that were considered were Franchot Tone, Morris Carnovsky, Meisner, and others. Since The Group Theatre had no money, no plays, the meetings of the actors were to be entirely unofficial. The new idea of The Group Theatre was to establish a theatre in wh...

Natives essays

Natives essays The First Native Americans were called the Paleo- Indians; they first arrived in eastern North America between 30,000 and 10,000 B.C. The Paleo- Indians because nomadic hunters, searching for food. Years later during the Archaic Period (8,000B.C.) the Paleo- Indians began to developed permanent lifestyles and began hunting shorter distances for food. Soon Europeans started to migrate into the natives land, with them they brought deadly diseases that resulted in the death of the very young and very old. Therefore all the responsibilities that both the very young and very old were beginning to slowly end. The most important responsibility that was being forgotten about was the stories that the old told the young; slowly the history of natives would be unknown. The Increase of European immigration of the 17th century upset the Native American communities, as the Europeans brought new ideas of land ownership. A man by the name of William Penn (proprietor of Delaware), one of the few Eur opeans, insisted that people should tread the Native Americans fairly and instead of stealing the land the Europeans should buy it. However the expansion of the Europeans forced many natives in Delaware to move to the west and northern regions of North America. This has to do with group rights in the charter. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms does recognize the Natives as a group. Even though the federal government did everything in its power to make sure that Natives didnt get what they wanted. The federal government said that nothing would take away or assault what they already had. But the federal government was taking way something; they recognized them as a group. ...

Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Executive summary - Essay Example There is also a problem in where one is not in a position to draw up a clear investment plan with limited finances. All these problems emanate from the failure to have a tool where one can account for daily expenditures and income. The end solution, therefore, is to invent a tool that facilitates evaluation of the financial inputs and outputs incurred on a daily basis. To gather the information, academic journals were analyzed. Data collection did entail utilization of a cross-sectional survey, using the questionnaires. Information was also the journals tend to explain some of the challenges and drawbacks that a person may face while budgeting. They also give a clear guideline on the steps to draw an effective budget. Theoretical studies did indicate that the business is subject to undergoing various steps in its operational life. All the steps have different financial demands and unless budgeting is done effectively, it is prone to failure. Personal expenses also stand a gap in the success of a business. Therefore, budgeting of the expenses is equally important. Lewis, Kristen, and Sarah Burd-Sharps.  The Measure of America 2010-2011: Mapping Risks and Resilience. New York: A joint publication of the Social Science Research Council and New York University Press, 2010. Internet

The housing crisis in the U.S Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The housing crisis in the U.S - Coursework Example The current economic malaise in US constitutes an intertwined cobweb of factors hat have triggered a downturn in various economic dimensions and dynamics, on national and international scales. The crisis can be blamed on various factors characterizing the last 20 years period. The medium to short term triggers of the crisis can be traced back to 2005 when house prices surged and started dropping in late 2006.The crisis has burst the housing bubble which has even aggravated the current economic situation in the US which according to economists is already tantamount to a recession. The peak of the crisis heightened particularly remarkably in August 2008 with the U.S treasury declaring the collapsing housing financial system as the highly significant threat to the US economy.The raised foreclosure rates in the 2006-2007 period by US homeowners has resulted in a sub prime, mortgage, hedge and various fiscus dimensions even beyond the housing loaning systems. Many economic analyses have b een misguided in their attempt to break down and unravel the cobweb of factors leading to the build up of the economic and housing crisis held as most phenomenal after the great Depression in the 1970s in the US. Many analysts have attributed the collapse of the global financial system to the destabilisation of the mortgage and housing crisis. Salient provenances of the housing crisis which is inalienable from the economic crisis enlists in its core the lack of feasible and clairvoyant regulatory framework for the moderation and stabilisation as well as sustenance of the financial institutions in the US. The ramifications and ripples of the US economic crisis have swept across global landscapes owing to the long criticized financial system devised after the World wars in which the US economy is the heartbeat of global economic paradigm leaving the entire world susceptible to upheavals rocking the US economy. Root causes Steve Latter (2008) has listed the following as the top six causes of the financial crisis in their perceived order of significance. Although the first three are not directly related to the mortgage and housing paradigms the exploration of the housing or mortgage crisis in the US and in the state of Virginia particularly can not be intact without the streamlining of all variables of the multifaceted problem into perspective. 1. Indefinite and inaccurate regulatory edict which permitted financial firms to move to too high ratios of mortgage-backed securities to collateral debt. 2. The lack of substantial focuses on the banking and financial firms' ratio of assets to debt by banking and financial services company regulators. 3. New accounting regulations crafted Sarbanes Oxley (regulation passed after Enron) were too traditionalist resultantly leading to the undervaluation of assets like mortgage- securities. This in turn caused bank debtors to leverage on the bank. 4. Private companies and their leadership made lending decisions out of greed whilst also flouting money lending standards. This was done in the aims of pulling more interest returns by lending to clients who were in Latter's terms "very risky bets". 5. Consumers borrowed what was more that they could afford. The blame on this aspect can be applied on both the borrowers and the lenders although lenders are overly expected to be firm to principle and economic logic when making lending decisions. 6. Miscalculated financial law promulgations which for instance compelled financial institutions like Fannie Mae to avail more loans to lower income clients which amounted high risk money lending. The unraveling US housing financial system has seen the filing for bankruptcy by various mortgage firms like American Home Mortgage (AHM) which is ranked as the US 10th biggest home loan firm.

What Are the Challenges That Face a Psychotherapist Working with Self-Harm or Eating Disorders Essay Example for Free

What Are the Challenges That Face a Psychotherapist Working with Self-Harm or Eating Disorders Essay I begin this study by assessment of the presenting problem and significant issues pertaining to his mental health state at this point in time. Mr G is at present suffering from depression. Due to the depression he will have a lack of motivation, self neglect, low self esteem, and at times hopelessness, and helplessness. He will possibly have anxiety, which, due to his fatigue with his illness, will be exacerbated because of the stress reaction and increase in adrenalin. This will cause him to be exhausted and possibly in need of sleep most of the time. His self esteem issues will have an impact on his relationship with his wife due to the fact that he will become more reliant on her. This will make him feel disempowered. Mr G will have to get used to the idea that his wife has to care for him more, and this will have an impact on his own personal values and beliefs. Within their relationship there may be frustration from both parties, but there might not be opportunity to discuss such issues because of the embarrassment or depression that Mr G has at present, or it may be that doesn’t happen in their relationship whereby they discuss their feelings and emotions. Due to the stress surrounding these issues, Mr G finds the impact of this affects the sexual part of their relationship and now has a dysfunction causing him more distress and making him feel a failure. He doesn’t feel he can become intimate with his wife because of this factor and feels there is a large part of their relationship missing at present. All these factors become heightened at times, making the depression more intense, leaving him feeling vulnerable and worthless. Before looking at a care plan for Mr G, I need to assess the importance of all these issues and how they impact on him as a person. Then using my theoretical knowledge put those in order of preference to enable Mr G begin to take control of his life and increase his self worth. As a therapist I would begin to explore the relationship Mr G has with his wife and how he sees the relationship. Mr G will have his own thoughts and pre conceptions as to how she sees the relationship but he may not have explored that with his wife. The therapist at this point has to remain neutral as it would be easy to collude with the client with their presenting issues. The therapist is there to support the client and help the client explore and evaluate the relationship for themselves. We may begin by looking at the balance of the relationship. I would use the `set of scales? theory to explore this. Mr G would have to identify where the relationship was on a set of scales. Would the balance be even or would one side be higher than the other? Who is putting most energy into the relationship? Was one person more committed than the other? Is there equity in the relationship? By using this method I would gain insight as to the issues concerning Mr G and if they were negative statements because of his depression or self defeating in context, or if Mr G has communication problems with his wife or other issues. This would help with his explorations with his perceptions of the presenting issues or self awareness of how he alone sees the problem and the evidence he has to back up the thought s he is having. The therapist can also talk through with the client their perceptions of their own contributory factor to the present problem with the relationship which is very important to regain empowerment. As a therapist working with only one person in the relationship may not bring about great change but explorations with the one party can make that person look at the relationship and challenge or discuss with their partner the changes that need to come into play to enable the couple to function together, making their relationship more whole, each being aware of how the other one thinks, behaves, and knows each other’s likes and dislikes, their needs and beliefs, and in harmony with each other. My parents have this wholeness between them and are in a situation like that of Mr G. My father is disabled and relies on the use of a wheelchair and relies on mum to care for him. Their wholeness allows them to have a relationship which is special and one which most people comment on because the contentment and dedication to each other becomes very apparent when around them. In some relationships this wholeness can never be, due to the fact that trust is missing from the relationship, and trust is paramount to any relationship. Statistics say that 80% of marriages suffer due to one party or the other having an affair. There is still widespread belief that monogamy is natural and expected in marriages and in committed relationships, however, that doesn’t stop some from engaging in affairs. But why do they? One of the main reasons is they are not getting their needs met in their relationship. People become bored within the relationship, they may have a need to feel attractive to others, or they may not feel attractive to their partner. In some parts of society men feel they are not real men if they turn down the advances of a female. Some people find it hard, if not impossible committing to one person. Some people are thrill seekers and have affairs because they cannot pass up an opportunity for a thrill. A person may not be in love with their partner but fall in love with someone else. For some people with low self esteem when they meet someone who appears to care about them it’s a way of increasing their self esteem. As well as these factors there may be other issues that drive people to having affairs. The affairs can cause scandal and excitement in the media, as we are all enthralled by the affairs of the famous and powerful. This could encourage people to enter into affairs of their own. As we grow and reach puberty we are often not in receipt of suitable education around sex and relationship issues which can lead to some people not being able to talk openly about sex with their partners. In order to avoid affairs the couple need to be honest with each other, not slip into complacency in the relationship, and keep the relationship alive by communicating with each other about all aspects of the relationship in order to build a close emotional and sexual foundation within the relationship. In the case of Mr G, once we know how he sees the relationship with his wife, we would have a good understanding of how the equality is within the relationship from his perspective. As I have said previously his awareness of the relationship and his contributions within it will be a place to begin work and exploration. If the relationship has equality and wholeness there will be no evidence for Mr G that he is not contributing in a good way to the relationship. His negative thoughts towards the relationship will be unfounded in this case. Mr G will have great self esteem issues due to his sexual dysfunction and his age will play a big part in that too. As we get older we have to accept that some parts of our bodies begin to show signs of weakness and wear and tear, and in relationships, harmony, support, understanding, companionship and love of an unconditional nature all play a big part. If these are in place there may be very little need for sexual desires to take over and become as important as it may have done in teenage years. The sexual desires can be explored with the couple and referral to sex therapy may be the answer depending on the couple and their perspective on the problems. It may e that just cuddling, heavy petting and general physical contact within the relationship is what may be lacking. Once a physical disability is diagnosed that person may begin to feel helpless and not worthy of anything. Their negativity may escalate to the point that they don’t see or feel that life is worth living, as what is described in the case of Mr. G. A therapist has to try and get the client focused on what they can do with slight changes within their lifestyle rather than what they can’t do. When looking at this the first hurdle is acceptance of their disability. During this process the therapist will work on self esteem issues and acceptance of them as a person from within. The acceptance of the way their life may have changed since the disability plays a big part in their attitude and mental state towards their immediate future. A person who feels negative and unable to function may want to withdraw from society, will have low mood if not addressed, leading to clinical depression, will procrastinate and neglect themselves, all of which a therapist will address within the counselling sessions. In addressing these issues the client will begin to see a future and look towards it with a more positive attitude. The relationship between Mr. G and his wife and her attitude towards him and his disability will have great impact during this process, and it may need to be suggested that she seeks counselling in her own right to address issues she may have, to enable the couple to eventually work together. It may be they need couple counselling but to enable this to work successfully addressing their own personal issues beforehand will be a way forward with this. Looking at a ? time map` can help with both parties. The client can map out their emotional stressors and look into their partners stressors throughout life and it allows exploration of these stressors and the effects offlife events. When we look at sexual relationships and intimacy within the couple there are many factors to consider. The communication between each other about their individual sexual needs may be something they find difficult to discuss. It may be their upbringing is different causing problems later in life. When I look at my relationship with my husband communication plays a big part in our marriage but something which causes most problems. My husband carries core beliefs that we keep things between ourselves and problems encountered are kept within close family not discussed with extended family. I hold core beliefs that families go through things together and support each other without being judgemental. My family have always been open about their problems and share them together. These discrepancies can cause problems. Looking back at the case study Mr G may have core beliefs different to Mrs G causing problems and preventing them from discussing their sexual difficulties due to their upbringing and beliefs interjected by their parents and maybe similar problems, around not discussing certain issues including sexual relationships within a couple. Intimate problems should be discussed without prejudice or judgement and the couple should aim to discuss this in an adult manner without taking things out of context or as a personal criticism. Mr G could be blaming himself for his body not reacting to stimuli when Mrs G is not doing anything to make the stimulus happen. One partner may not want sexual intimacy but more kissing and cuddles. All these things have to be discussed between the couple in order to make the relationship work. Factors and life changes like operations, changes in medication, mental health difficulties grief and loss, stress and general fatigue can all affect the sexual drive and if not discussed between the couple can cause misinterpretation with regards to how one person feels towards the other creating disharmony. Couple therapy can help with these issues if the couple find it hard to converse with each other for whatever reason but the onus is on the counsellor to explore and make sure it’s what both parties want or else it may cause friction and the counselling becomes non productive. When couples go to a counsellor with sensitive or intimate problems the counsellor has to be both mindful and broadminded. As long as the couple both agree to the act and give each other consent to the specific behaviours then it will be part of their intimate and physical relationship. Any dysfunction then may need exploration and possible referral to qualified sex therapist who is experienced in such matters. Psychotherapy may help initially. With the exploration during this process the therapist has to check with the client that they have discussed the problem with their G. P and that there is no medical problem preventing sexual function. Also the client needs to be aware that an expectant success rate for erectile dysfunction is generally around 85%. During the counselling process the therapist will discuss what the client perceives as a fully functional sexual encounter. For some people they may need to adjust their perceptions on this. It is not essential for a women to have orgasm at each sexual encounter but their partner may well feel they have not concluded a satisfying encounter without an orgasm being present for a women. An important step in therapy is often to take the pressure away from the need for conclusive penetrative sex and concentrate on other forms of stimulation and pleasure with the consent of both parties. Men may want to go down the medication route to address their erectile dysfunction but this doesn’t allow exploration of other psychological issues which may be preventing resolution of the problem. Research has indicated that the best quality sex is experienced in married couples even though it is considered by society to represent a routine and boring way to indulge in sexual gratification. Men are thought to be at their sexual peak between the ages of 16-22yrs. As men age this youthful sexual functioning begins to change into a mature way of being. It becomes pleasure not performance orientated. Sex now comes with emotional intimacy, eroticism and spiritual union that were absent before. The sexual part of the relationship brings pleasure and there becomes a greater bond between couples as they become more committed to each other. When reading this I began to think of my parents and how committed they are to each other. They have such a strong bond and concrete relationship. They share everything, their thoughts and feelings, and are so open and honest in their relationship with each other. They have no barriers with each other. They joke about their sexual incapability’s due to both of them having physical problems but the harmony between them is such that they have no embarrassments, and are free to discuss exactly what is on their mind with no one taking offence. They sort every problem they may have had in their relationship by talking and being open and honest with each other and resolving it before going to bed that evening. A core belief of my parents is they never ever go to sleep on an argument, and they never do. Maybe if more couples spoke to each other about their problems in relationships and had this special bond with each other whereby they could trust and not be worried about offending their partner there wouldn’t be the need for so much couple counselling or people having affairs to give them what is missing from their current relationship. In the case of Mr G maybe the key to the way he may be feeling at present is communicate more with his wife. He may need to look at his own negativity and how that manifests itself within the relationship and look at reframing his thoughts about his sexual unctioning. i. e. `I am afraid to have sexual contact with my wife in case I let her down by not having the ability to have an erection? to `I know my wife will understand if I don’t have the ability to gain an erection and we can use other methods to gain sexual fulfilment and be close to each other?. After work on his self esteem this will become easier. The client needs to decide whether to inform his partner of the changes they want to make in order to address their mental health at this present time or the things their partner can do to help. Small achievable goals have to be put in place to enable the client to make changes at an appropriate level. Mr G would probably have a plan looking a little like this to work through. If I was the therapist working with Mr G I would present this to Mr G as a pie chart giving Mr G the chance to choose which he felt he needed to work through first giving him autonomy and empowerment to take charge of his life giving him self worth and a focus in his life. Identification of presenting problems, Acceptance of lifestyle changes needed to accommodate recent physical health problems Being aware of contributing factors that can affect mood and cause depressive symptoms, and to explore these factors including suicidal ideation and risk factors. Understanding anxiety and how to be mindful of his anxiety levels Addressing procrastination and setting small goals Looking into relationship difficulties and sexual problems Looking towards future goals and support networks for both him and his wife. Explore options for future aspirations as a couple including holidays and things they can do together given deterioration in Mr G, s physical wellbeing. This Plan would hopefully give Mr G insight into his presenting problem, and, depending on the work I would be completing, and which piece of pie I would be working through, would determine my approach in therapy. At the beginning of counselling a person centred approach is important, and allowing the client a safe space to discuss their problems is paramount. With the core conditions set down, the client has the safe space and this approach will develop naturally. When looking at the history of a client, and how their past events may influence the present, working in a psychodynamic way would help the client explore their core beliefs and thinking patterns. A c. b. t. model may be helpful when challenging negative thoughts, reframing, and assessing anxiety levels. This model will also be very useful when looking and working with future goals. I feel there is a lot of support we can offer Mr G with his problems. What initially is presented as a big problem, can be explored and broken down into segments, each segment can then be used to work towards a more manageable and successful resolution.

College Admissions Essay: Woman of the Year -- College Admissions Essa

Woman of the Year "You have just been named the 2015 Man/Woman of the Year. For what achievement are you being honored, and how did your college education help you reach your goal?" I sprint up the stairs to my shabby apartment, taking them two at time. I've had a long day at work and I need to jump into the shower before I meet a client for a dinner date. I fumble for the key with my right hand. When the stubborn door finally opens, I fly into the apartment and kick the door closed behind me. I punch the play button on my answering machine while getting ready to take a shower. The first message is from my client saying he will be a little late. Good. Ten extra minutes. The second message is the chairman of the Person of the Year contest telling me that I had been... College Admissions Essay: Woman of the Year -- College Admissions Essa Woman of the Year "You have just been named the 2015 Man/Woman of the Year. For what achievement are you being honored, and how did your college education help you reach your goal?" I sprint up the stairs to my shabby apartment, taking them two at time. I've had a long day at work and I need to jump into the shower before I meet a client for a dinner date. I fumble for the key with my right hand. When the stubborn door finally opens, I fly into the apartment and kick the door closed behind me. I punch the play button on my answering machine while getting ready to take a shower. The first message is from my client saying he will be a little late. Good. Ten extra minutes. The second message is the chairman of the Person of the Year contest telling me that I had been...

Nineteenth Century Short Stories Essay

The highly censored and controlled Victorian society contained a large contrast, with a small proportion of the rich-elite, composed often of aristocrats and judges. The majority however, was extremely poor, often struggling to provide for their families let alone themselves. In the strictness of life at the time, many people delved into stories of the more humorous and less controlled sides of life. Authors did not put their characters into regular, day-to-day scenarios that would seem rather dull and boring, but created light, dramatically complex narratives that involved people in desperate situations, such as the man that must choose between three women hiding in his truck. In the first story, ‘Tony Kytes, Arch Deceiver’ by Thomas Hardy, a young man is in a situation in which he must choose a woman to marry, being the only attractive young man in this village, he has a lot of control and authority over these women. Throughout the story, the women are portrayed as gullible and desperate, as we see in the climax of the story in which three different women are hiding in the same car. In the end of the story, Tony loses control and seems to be less in command of the situation and becomes manipulated by the three women who are competing with each other in order to secure Tony as a husband. The women finally find out that they have all been promised to become Tony’s wife, and Unity and Hannah leave, pretending to be strong women who are unaffected by this heart-breaking situation. Tony is left with Milly, to which he proclaims ‘†¦It does seem as if fate had ordained it that it should be you and I, or nobody, and what must be must be†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This line is very important as it links in with the theme of fate which applies to the other stories. The next story is called ‘Old Mrs. Chundle’ by Thomas Hardy. It portrays and old woman who is very separated from the rest of her village. The author states that she has never even ventured past the next town from hers. One day, Mrs. Chundle is visited by the Curate who asks her for some food. Mrs. Chundle refuses to sit next to the curate, saying ‘Oh, faith, I don’t want to eat with my betters- not I’. The Curate persuades Mrs. Chundle to go to church; she tells him that she is nearly deaf and would not be able to hear anything. Throughout the rest of the story, we see the curate create various devices in an attempt to get Mrs. Chundle to go to church. However, Mrs. Chundle is forced to rely on the Curate until he eventually leads her to her death when she runs up the hill to get to church on time. The final story, the Stolen Bacillus by H.G Wells, tells us the story of an anarchist who visits a bacteriologist. During the visit, the sheer potential of the destruction caused by the bacteria that he witnesses sparks his anarchy, impelling the young man to steal a batch of the perceptually dangerous bacteria, thinking that he could destroy an entire city with its unfathomable power. The scientist and his wife pursue the man through the streets of London in informal clothes, onlooker cheer thinking this is fast fuelled race, this also gives us the impression that this bacteria is very dangerous. The anarchist stops and the scientists think it’s too late. The final twist in the ending of the story is that the man drinks the virus thinking that he has now gained the ability to destroy the entire country through the power of cholera, but instead he drank a special bacterium that is used to turn monkeys blue. In the same story, the Anarchist is portrayed as a confused but clever man that wants to cause as much devastation and destruction as possible to society. He quotes ‘†¦.those mere atomies, might multiply and devastate a city! Wonderful!’ From this you can clearly see that this man’s objectives are to cause as much destruction as possible to the city. A ‘†¦.slight gleam of satisfaction appeared on the pale man†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ after he at living cultures of this bacterium, with the author stating that ‘†¦morbid pleasure†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ appeared from the man as he was inspected by the scientist. This makes the reader aware that this man has not come to learn about bacteria, but rather to find out how to use them to cause devastation. The way the bacteriologist is portrayed is also important, as he believes that it is a burden to keep that bacteria once muttering, ‘†¦..I am obliged to †¦.’ .The message verbalised by the author is that people should be judged by their appearance if you do not know them and that we should never underestimate the power of nature. The main character in Old Mrs. Chundle is clearly old Mrs. Chundle. Mrs Chundle is an old, deaf woman, who is clearly quite happy living on her own, she has never ventured past the nearest town in her whole life. One day, she is visited by the curate who asks her for some food. It is then revealed to us that she is nearly deaf and has trouble hearing people. The curator asks her why she does not go to church and she explains her condition. Throughout the story, the Curate attempts to help her by thinking of various ways she would be able to hear the church services. In the end of the story, Mrs. Chundle is let down by the curate who promised to come over and read to her. The main character in Thomas Hardy’s story is obviously Tony Kytes, he is described as ‘†¦ ‘Twas a little, round, firm, tight face, with a seam here and there left by smallpox’ but this was not enough to ‘†¦hurt his looks in a woman’s eye†¦.’ He was the ‘women’s favourite’ and loved all of them. He was highly involved with ‘all the rest of the scandalous stuff’ and told to us by the author. The message from the story is clearly ‘Looks can be deceiving’ and that you cannot change fate. The relationships between the author and narrator’s attitudes towards women in ‘arch deceiver’ clearly shows us that at the time, mean were quite sexist towards women and believed that all of them were desperate and would do anything to get married, such as in this story where they fight over an clearly dishonest man. The main relationship in Old Mrs. Chundle is the relationship between here and the curate. It is a very strange relationship due to the fact that as soon as the curate came into Mrs. Chundle’s life she dies. However we can see that the curate has helped Mrs. Chundle die happy as she managed to hear the word of God. All of the stories I have mentioned contain unexpected endings which add humour or sadness into the stories. Thomas Hardy’s novels both contain very different endings. In ‘Arch Deceiver’, the ending was expected as we knew that nothing good would happen at the end of the situation that Tony was in. After a large argument between Tony and the three women at his house, the women leave and Milly is left to marry Tony. He tries to worm his way out of the situation that he has gotten himself in by saying that it was fate that they would get married. In his other story, Old Mrs. Chundle, the Curate breaks a promise he had made with the rector saying â€Å"She’s probably forgotten by this time that you promised.† The Curate eventually goes so Mrs. Chundle doesn’t get angry with him, and finds out that she has died. In the story by H.G. Wells, the twist would have seemed humorous at the time but the overall effect of the story has decreased over time. The twist is that after the anarchist drank the bacteria, thinking that he would cause immeasurable devastation, he begins to turn blue. The twist is not very effective and is quite stupid, which is quite unexpected from an author as great as H.G Wells. In conclusion, I believe that the narrative with the best use of drama through language was the stolen bacillus, this is because Wells can clearly describe to us what is happening, and it is told in a way which sounds realistic. The story with the best relationships is Old Mrs. Chundle as we are told the story of an old woman who died as soon as there were new influences in her life. The story with the best ending is the Stolen Baccilus as it was the most unexpected. Wells uses language in such a way that makes you believe that the anarchist would succeed, although the ending is stupid, it was the most surprising and contained a strange twist.

What’s Wrong in Marrying?

On reading Catherine Newman essay â€Å"I Do. Not. : Why I Won’t Marry? ,† the first point that arises in the mind is the amount of power and choice that women enjoy today. One cannot simply imagine this kind of freedom of thought or expression from a woman say, a hundred years back. Those were the times when most women didn’t even have the liberty to analyze or acknowledge their needs and desires. While the freedom that women enjoy today is a welcome change, Newman’s essay is wrought with a number of misconceptions and apprehensions. It appears that she hasn’t gotten over the fear of slavery that people experienced centuries ago, especially the one brought by the institution of marriage. The invisible bond that keeps together any relationship is trust. It may a bond between a child and its mother or father, between friends, between a student and a teacher, between two life partners, or between husband and wife. In today’s world a man and a woman have every freedom to choose their life partners. And, they can also choose on how they wish to live—whether they want to formalize their relationship by marrying or simply carry on until they are sure of each other. Prudent people will use their wisdom in weighing the pros and cons of any relationship that they may get into. Newman’s objection to marriage is the way in which a bride is â€Å"given away† by her father to her husband in the altars. She argues that the number of gifts that the father bestows on the daughter and the heavy money that he spends on the wedding make the bride look like a â€Å"commodity† that is being transferred from one to another for a sum. By this argument she overlooks the love and care that the father has for the daughter, and the last thing that will be in the father’s mind at the altar will be the welfare of his daughter and her new family and definitely not the money that he is spending on the occasion. There are many marriages that take place in a very simple manner and there are many that take place in a pompous manner. It all depends on the spending capacity of the families concerned and that doesn’t have any relation to the bondage and goodwill that goes with the ceremony. Newman mocks at the ritual where the bride blows the candle from her father by telling that the bride blows away her â€Å"naughty old independent self. † This straw man argument totally misrepresents the bride’s position and it is a negative way of looking at things. It would have been healthier if she had looked at the ritual from the point of view of the bride lighting up one for her husband and had said that it portrays that beginning of a new life. This only goes to strengthen Newman’s misconceptions of marriage. Another lame argument that Newman puts forth against marriage is by projecting the gay people. She argues that married people fail to acknowledge gay people and even humiliate them. This is a gross generalization and her fear of marriage is further proved when she asks the readers to assume marriage as a â€Å"fragile and gasping little injured bird† in trying to promote the cause of the gay community. She acknowledges that she had had gay relationship in the past until she found her partner, Michael. Her thoughts are baseless when she argues that she will be doing injustice to her gay friends â€Å"if I put on a beaded cream bodice and vowed myself away in front of all our gay friends. † She assumes that they will be â€Å"gossiping wickedly† against her and even goes to justify that â€Å"what they’re snubbing should certainly be a viable option. † Newman states out loud and clear that she doesn’t believe in monogamy. The argument that closely follows this statement is purely sensual in nature. She argues if â€Å"climbing onto the same exact person for fifty years† will maximize our â€Å"brief fling on the earth. She argues for variety and says that â€Å"it seemed cruel and unusual that one should have to give up so much in order to commit to a man. † She agrees that she and her partner do not practice monogamy and doesn’t seem to have any regrets about it. This doesn’t justify her stand against marriage nor are her arguments sound enough to rationalize polygamy. Some fears that Newman expresses towards marriage are the fear of losing her individual identity and the life-long commitment that wedlock demands. She conveys that neither she nor her partner ever felt the need to get married. She argues that strongly held beliefs on marriage and commitment can be aloof â€Å"from the world where people actually feel things†¦ The best life partner is exactly the sort of person who doesn’t crave possession. † She claims that marriage brings with it the baggage of possession of one’s wife or husband! This argument is feeble in today’s world. People are quite independent to do what they want, and what keeps a family together is not â€Å"possession† but simple caring, and love and take. Newman seems to enjoy the fact that she gets to choose and be chosen to continue her relationship with her partner every day. She says that when a couple is not married and when they remain partners, they have to constantly keep choosing each other. She seems to take pleasure in the choice that she and her partner make every day to keep the relationship going. This way they feel more wanted and the â€Å"unmarried space† helps them to move forward and keeps them going she says. Dr. Neil Clark Warren in The Cohabitation Epidemic sums up this attitude beautifully well: â€Å"The fundamental agreement upon which live-in relationships are based is conditional commitment. This attitude says, â€Å"I’ll stick with you as long as things go well. But if we run into problems, all bets are off. † Relationships that begin with a quasi-commitment carry the same mind-set into marriage. When things become trying, as inevitably they will from time to time, the spouses say goodbye. † Newman says that they are quite devoted to each other, and with the birth of her child the bond between them has only grown stronger. She feels that there cannot be anything more â€Å"permanent soul binding than the sharing of the child. † She proudly confesses that her partner has taken on to his duties as a father like a fish to water. But somehow, the fear of getting married seems to linger on and she continues arguing against marriage. Newman’s fears are purely psychological in nature and they do not have any solid reason behind them. In putting forth pseudo intellectual arguments she does not offer clarity of thought. Her thoughts are distorted views coming from an immature person with some kind of a psychological fear for commitment. It is natural that a person who seems to have a fear psychosis towards marriage objects to it. Wedding or live-in relationship—it all depends upon the individuals. As Nancy L. Van Pelt and Fleming H. Revell put it, â€Å"Whatever happiness is achieved results from personal effort, knowledge, love, and commitment. † No magic happens with marriages in making individuals better. There are men and women who walk out of marriages even after having children. So, Newman’s argument that kids are â€Å"permanent soul binding† is void. However, with marriage, the commitment becomes legal and the people involved in the break up are legally bound to fulfill certain obligations to each other. So even while the break up is painful, there is still a legal protection offered. In a live-in relationship, this protection doesn’t exist.

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace †No Laughing Matter

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace – No Laughing Matter Free Online Research Papers In this report, I will present my findings of a human resource issue assigned to me, including any prospective legal lines possibly breached. I will articulate the ideal guiding principle for this particular situation. In addition, disparate treatment, hostile work environments, and sexual harassment will be explored, as well as any impending federal infringements in relation. No Laughing Matter Mary contacted Human Resources to report that she was being sexually harassed, the victim of unwanted advances, by her corporate sales supervisor Frank. Mary stated she was in the break room when Frank had acknowledged her success in acquiring the Chairs R Us account and commented about Mary having lunch with Mr. Miller five times this week. The comments were dubious at best, making mention of her methods of â€Å"persuasion†, stating that Mr. Miller enjoyed â€Å"desert†. Mary advised Frank that the reason she met Mr. Miller for lunch so often was because the details of the sales contract consumed considerable time but she found it a rewarding experience. Frank advised Mary that he would have to sign-off on those lunch meetings for her expense reports, this is why having dinner that evening with him would be beneficial to her. Declining, Mary offered to meet with Frank in the office, at 10 a.m. the next business day. Frank declined that offer and insisted Mary join him for dinner again, professionally benefiting her, implying that he would in turn keep her out of professional trouble. Frank insisted a third time that Mary go to dinner with him, to give him a reason to sign-off on her expense account. All the while, Frank is walking closer and closer to her at which Mary walked away. Frank misuses his authority and attempts to manipulate Mary into going to dinner with him to perform sexual favors is a direct violation of trust. Frank illegally discriminated against Mary, the form was sexual harassment, specifically, Quid Pro Quo. Frank would not have necessarily been breaking the law if he had asked Mary out to dinner one time, and without all the dubious commentary. Requesting sexual favors in exchange for professional benefits is also against company policy via the employment handbook and other orientation training, which Frank blatantly professionally disregards through his own actions. Harassment is a federal crime, not to mention the state laws. We must take care to deflate the possibility of this issue developing into the crime of creating a hostile work place environment therein generally requires more than one incident consisting of inappropriate jokes, lewdness, or having racy propaganda in the work place. Federal law states that it is a crime to treat a worker disparately in the work place. Moving forward in resolving the harassment issue we should be preventative in re-educating our management that when an employee is treated dis similarly from other employees, that is also a federal crime. To constitute as a federal crime the dissimilar conduct must be on purpose and founded on at least one of the worker aspects that are safeguarded lawfully. In addition, â€Å"adverse impact† is different from that of disparate treatment, by the lack of intention, not purposeful. In addition, it is to be valid to the safeguarded workers, categorically. For instance, the disparate treatment happens when a manager permits the common worker to delight in a specific employer advantage but refuses it to another member of the staff. The groups of people who are federally safeguarded are defined as people over forty years old (Ageism), issues related to the complexion or hues of a person’s skin (Color), personal beliefs (Creed), physical or mental impairment (Disability), attributes in relation to a nation relation, ancestry, physique, culture, or relating to language (National Origin). Everyone is protected under the Race sector of Title VII from the Civil Rights Act (1964) because genealogically everyone may declare at the least one race. The remaining sectors include religious rites, exercise, and faith (Religion). In addition, males and females are each safeguarded against sexism, which unfortunately does not include taste (Sex Gender). Legally, employers are regarded as being automatically accountable for said harassment from their managers in which the victim has suffered a considerable difference within work conditions. However, if the harassment did not culminate to this level the employer is held legally responsible except if provable to have quickly attempted to mend the issue and logically prevent further harassment. In addition, it must also be proven that the worker unreasonably fell short of notifying management or shunning injury in other ways. Employers are also vicariously responsible for their employee’s irresponsible behavior and actions, which we should work towards preventing. Following a timely, yet comprehensive, and objective inquiry Frank is guilty of harassment. Frank during the investigation was put on administrative paid leave until the inquiry was completed. Evidence suggests that Frank has been habitually flirting with many of the female subordinates over the years, whether unwelcome or not. Frank knowingly put this company in an undesirable position and is a liability. I have reviewed Mary’s employee file to be certain that nothing in it was related to this matter. As a result of this inquiry, Frank has resigned his position. In continuing corrective and preventative measures, I am scheduling a mandatory online class regarding federal laws and company policies with a quiz that must be passed by everyone. Employees will specifically learn about the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and their purpose. If a case were ever reported, every employee would learn what would ensue. There will also be mention of other laws that are protected by other agencies. For example, the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) and the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) enforce the Civil Service Reform Act Of 1978 (CSRA), the Immigration Reform And Control Act Of 1986 (IRCA) by Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices. There are other laws that are handled by the Department of Labors office, the Department of Justice, the U.S. Access Board, the U.S. Social Security Administration, and Workers Compensation laws are handled by every state as well as federally. References Ebert, R., Griffin, R. (2009). Business essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, Prentice Hall. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2010, April 1). Small Employers on Employer Liability for Harassment by Supervisors. Available from eeoc.gov. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2010, May 13). Workplace Laws Enforced by Other Federal Agencies. Available from eeoc.gov. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1999, June 18). EEOC NOTICE Number 915.002 Date 6/18/99: Enforcement Guidance on Vicarious Employer Liability for Unlawful Harassment by Supervisors. Available from eeoc.gov. Research Papers on Sexual Harassment in the Workplace - No Laughing MatterThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTrailblazing by Eric AndersonMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesCapital PunishmentTwilight of the UAWThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaQuebec and CanadaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part One

Achillobator - Facts and Figures

Achillobator - Facts and Figures Name: Achillobator (combination Greek/Mongolian for Achilles warrior); pronounced ah-KILL-oh-bate-ore Habitat: Plains of central Asia Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (95-85 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 500-1,000 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; huge claws on feet; odd alignment of hips About Achillobator As far as paleontologists can tell, Achillobator (the name, Achilles warrior, refers both to this dinosaurs large size and to the large Achilles tendons it must have had in its feet) was a raptor, and thus in the same family as Deinonychus and Velociraptor. However, Achillobator does appear to have possessed some quirky anatomical features (mainly concerning the alignment of its hips) that differentiated it from its more famous cousins, which has led some experts to speculate that it may represent an entirely new type of dinosaur. (One other possibility is that Achillobator is a chimera: that is, it was reconstructed from the remains of two unrelated dinosaur genera that happened to be buried in the same location.) Like other raptors of the Cretaceous period, Achillobator is often depicted as sporting a coat of feathers, underlining its close evolutionary relationship with modern birds. However, this is based not any solid fossil evidence, but the presumed featheriness of small theropod dinosaurs at some stage during their life cycles. In any case, at up to 20 feet long from head to tail and 500 to 1,000 pounds, Achillobator was one of the largest raptors of the Mesozoic Era, exceeded only in size by the truly gigantic Utahraptor (which lived halfway around the world, in early Cretaceous North America) and making the much smaller Velociraptor seem like a chicken by comparison.

The impact of social media on public relations practice Research Paper

The impact of social media on public relations practice - Research Paper Example Introduction There has been a significant change in the media landscape during the past couple of decades particularly due to the advent of social media which has singlehandedly revolutionized the concept of communication. The world of media and communications has taken giant strides towards development from its humble beginnings dominated largely by print media and radio broadcasts to the use of state-of-the art technological gadgets such as tablets, iPhones, digital recorders, and web enabled tools such as social networking services including blogs, webcasts, video blogs, YouTube and the likes (Breakenridge, 2008; Busy, 2004). Considering the vast outreach of technology and the unlimited access it offers, the gap between the public and the marketers has narrowed significantly. It would not be a far cry to claim that the generation of this era travels with technology in their pockets, thus enabling the public relations practitioners to smoothly and effectively deliver their messages to the targeted audiences, at a mere click of a button (Hazelton, Harrison-Rexrode, & Keenan, 2007). The revolutionary changes in the field of technology has also completely changed the manner in which the average consumers connect, access, interpret, and use the information made available to them. The change in the social media landscape has triggered off simultaneous changes in the practice of public relations as is evident from the growing amount of literature substantiating the claim. As these fields grow and evolve in response to the changes in the technology, the delivery of strategic information to the public is likely to change as well (Kelleher, 2009; Macnamara, 2010). 1.1. Definitions This section offers definition to key terms used in the paper, which includes – Public relations and Social media. Public Relations: The term ‘public relation’ is defined differently by different authors. In general terms it is used to describe the 'management functions' performed by a group of professionals with a pre-defined outcome in mind. The Chartered Institute of Public Relations (UK) has defined the term as "the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its publics" (qtd. in Watson & Noble, 2007: 6) Griswold defines public relations as "the management function which evaluates public attitudes, identifies the policies and procedures of an individual or an organization with the public interest, and plans and executes a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance" (qtd. in Heath & Vasquez, 2001: 192). The Public Relations Society of America (1999) states that "Public relations helps an organization and its publics adapt mutually to each other" (qtd. in Health & Vasquez, 2001: 192). Social Media: According to Jue, Marr, & Kassotakis (2009: 4) the term social media refers to "the many relatively inexpensive and widely accessible electronic tools that enab le anyone to publish and access information, collaborate on a common effort, or build relationships". 1.2. Key objectives of the study The fundamental objectives underlying this research study are listed below: To identify various social media tools used by public relations practitioners and assess the manner in which such tools are used to manipulate the perceptions of the target consumers To examine and understand the manner in and extent to which the development and introduction of social media tools

A business process method for virtualized enterprises Research Paper

A business process method for virtualized enterprises - Research Paper Example Though the future is commonly tagged as unpredictable, business management gives room to forecasting especially when it is based on principles and empirical theories. Expecting business process improvement to remain competitive or to be even improved is therefore nothing much to ask from businesses in today’s fast changing business environment. Several definitions have been given to the term ‘business process’. According to the Business Process Incubator (2011), business process is â€Å"a co-ordinated set of actions that produce a business result, either within a single organization or across several.† Search CIO (2011) also has it that â€Å"A business process is an activity or set of activities that will accomplish a specific organizational goal.† To implement these set of activities that lead to the realization of organizational goals however, there are a number of methods and supporting frameworks to follow. In this paper, we discuss a business process method and supporting framework, including concepts for business-to-business interaction and human resources: to obtain business process environment with rapid, flexible, straightforward, efficient, and precise operations. Undoubtedly, a similar framework will be widely implemented in the near future, and methods such as this one will be widely used. This future implementation will be directed towards achieving a more advanced system and form of business and organizational structure. As the world progresses and advances by the day, business process methods and frameworks that are instituted must meet the growing needs of businesses and society as a whole. Future implementation would therefore be a huge step for the humanity, similar to transition from postal mail to email, utilization of computer-aided design, and use of professional and general purpose social networks. Just as in a swift of human imagination these innovations came to take over the norm that previously exist ed, it is expected that future implementations would solve more complex problems of humanity and businesses. Virtual profiles system and electronic contract negotiation and formation To allow for a more comprehensive discussion of this session, the session shall begin with the definition and explanation of some the salient terms to be used. Virtual profiles system is more related to virtual systems management that is used in most corporations, organizations and businesses. Virtual systems management basically has to do with the allocation and distribution of resources. Expanding the explanation further, Tech Target (2007) explain that â€Å"virtual systems management (VSM), is the process of remotely managing the allocation and use of resources in conventional networks as well as in virtual area networks (VANs), virtual private networks (VPNs), virtual network computing (VNC) and virtual servers.† Virtual prolife systems therefore work best with all kinds of organizations and businesses as far as they have technological facilities for implementation. Electronic contract has greater linkage with virtual profile systems in the sense that electronic contracts helps in the achievement of the management and allocation of resources; especially data on the institution in question. To this effect, Morciniec et al (2002) explain that â€Å"an electronic contract is its reification in software that can be instantiated as a set of obligations that are fulfilled between parties, refused or waived as future events occur.† This explanation was given in relation to the meaning of an ordinary contract, which was explained by the writers to be â€Å"a statement of intent that regulates behavior among organizations and individuals†

Researching Media,Communication and Culture Essay

Researching Media,Communication and Culture - Essay Example Additionally, the story that received the most user comments for the day will be analyzed in terms of these comments. The study limitations are recognized as the challenge of making broad assumptions regarding these findings. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction and Theoretical Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 II. Purpose of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 III. Review of the Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 IV. Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦7 V. The Design – Methods and Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 VI. Limitations and Delimitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 VII. Significance of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 I. Introduction and Theoretical Framework The Hollywood entertainment industry emerged as a major cultural force in the early 20th century. While films were the driving-engine of growth, even in the early eras of Hollywood, celebrity fandom emerged as a major occurrence. It was not long before an entire star system emerged, where actors and actresses under contract with specific studios had projects tailored to them. This process continues throu gh the present day as movie stars receive multi-million dollar contracts for a single film. While such prices seem exorbitant to some they are justified because of the significant fans these stars can bring into the theatres. Hollywood hasn’t been the only one to capitalize on such fandom; one considers that today the connection between celebrities and fans extends into a realm of not just appreciation, but also gossip and human interest. Indeed, there are a number of highly popular websites, such as TMZ and Perez Hilton where fans not only view pictures of celebrities but also gain intimate knowledge of the details of their lives. Perhaps a foundational theoretical consideration in terms of the topic is the recognition that the very linguistic origins of the term celebrity share roots with such terms as ‘fame’ and ‘being thronged;’ the French ‘celebre’ means well-known in public (Marshall 1997). With such a fundamental link between cele brity and the public, it is little stretch to consider the important role fandom plays in the equation. While fandom is a regularly occurring aspect of our daily lives, with some individuals exhibiting varying degrees of fanaticism, perhaps the more fundamental question is the underlining significance of this. With the recognition of these understandings in mind this research sets about investigating the motivating influences of fandom. II. Purpose of the Study The study seeks to identify the primary reasons individuals are interested in celebrity gossip. Additionally, it recognizes that there may be underlining issues the individuals are not aware of or external conditions that motivate their interest; as such the study is exploratory in that attempts to unearth and articulate cursory concerns as reflective or conflicting with past research paradigms. III. Review of the Literature There have been a number of research perspectives on the nature of fandom. It’s been argued tha t, â€Å"the emergence of celebrity as a public preoccupation is the result of three major interrelation

Black America Essay Example for Free

Black America Essay I. Introduction A. One significant problem faced among the judicial system is the injustice involving African Americans with sentencing and racial profiling. Not only will the individual and society response be discussed but the expert’s theories and alternative solutions will be included. II. African Americans facing injustice within the judicial system. A. Sentencing for crimes committed compared to other races. 1. Marissa Alexander, a black mother, was sentenced to 20 years in prison after shooting a warning shot to scare her abusive husband. No one was injured in her choice to shoot the warning shoot but Amber Cummings, a 32 year old mother, did not face any jail time for killing her husband who was said to be a white supremacists. 2. Judge Jean Boyd sentenced a young white male, Ethan Couch, after killing 4 individuals while driving drunk, to 10 years of probation and sentence a 14 year old black male to 10 years of prison after punching and killing a man. Ethan Couch prior to the incidents, stole from a store and alcohol level was three times the limit. Neither young men where mentally ill or had justification on the crimes they committed but sentencing was harsher for the young black male. 3. John McNeil, a black father of two, was sentenced to seven years in prison and 13 years of probation in 2005 for murdering a white male that threaten to stab his sons after trespassing on their property while Joe Horn, an elderly white male shot and killed two men that was breaking and entering into his neighbor’s home one night. Horn took it upon himself, even after the 911 operator repeatedly informed him not to interfere in the situation because the cops were on the way, to murder the two men. 2 B. Racial Profiling of African American individuals. 1 Trayvon Martin was a young black teen walking through a neighborhood with a black hoodie and was murdered by George Zimmerman because he believe the young teen was going to commit a crime. George Zimmerman did not serve any jail-time for the murder. 4. African Americans have a higher chance of being stop by police officers when driving and frisking than a White American. Research has found that â€Å"in investigatory stops, a black man age twenty-five or younger has a 28 percent chance of being stopped for an investigatory reason over the course of an year; a similar young white man has 12. 5 percent chance and a similar young white woman has only a 7 percent chance†. (Epp Maynard, 2014, p. 15) 5. African Americans also has a higher chance of being stalked or watched closely in department stores. For example: Barneys, a high-in department store is now under fire for its practices when facing minorities. Two young African Americans have come forward with their issues faced when shopping in Barneys. One young man, Trayon Christian was put in handcuffs after an employee of Barneys called the police to report a fraudulent credit card used by the African American male and later found out the credit card was real. Kayla Philips purchased a 2300. 00 pursed and was later stop by the police upon leaving the store. (Harris, 2013, p. 1) III. Expert’s Opinion on the problem. A. Both David Harris and Randall Kennedy have research and exam research on the topic of racial profiling. 1 David Harris is a law professor at University of Pittsburg School of Law and has found that in 2003, many of the traffic vehicle stops resulted in illegal substances and goods being found by police officers. When Harris calculated the traffic vehicle stops he came across that White Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 2 of 8 3 Americans contributed to most of the stops and that â€Å"that racial profiling is a counterproductive law enforcement strategy as well as a controversial one. † (Collica, 2012, chp. 4. 3). 2 Randall Kennedy wrote an article in 2011 title, â€Å"Race and the Administration of Criminal Justice in the United States. In 2006 he research racial profiling in New York City and found that â€Å"55% of African Americans were stopped by the police and that number is twice the representation of Blacks in the local population. † (Collica, 2012, chp. 4. 3) IV. Society response on the problem. A. Citizens are coming together to form rallies for Justice. 1. Ferguson, Missouri citizens have rallied and protest since the death of Michael Brown, a young African American male who was gunned down by a police officer. 2. Many cities, states and countries rallied after the disappointing verdict of the Trayvon Martin case. V. The public policies in place to rectify the problem. A. In May of 2013, Congress put into play the End Racial Profiling Act. 1. This act was set in place to end racial profiling among law enforcement agencies by: Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 3 of 8 4 a. â€Å"Grants the United States or an individual injured by racial profiling the right to obtain declaratory or injunctive relief. † (â€Å"End of Racial Profiling,† 2013). b. â€Å"Requires federal law enforcement agencies to maintain adequate policies and procedures to eliminate racial profiling and to cease existing practices that permit racial profiling. † (â€Å"End of Racial Profiling,† 2013) VI. Alternative solutions that can assist with the issue. A. Every police office should have a camera inside of their vehicles or a camera on their bodies at all times. If the rules cannot be followed then the police officer should face disciplinary actions. 1. If the police force use the camera in the car and on themselves at all times this will help minimize police brutality. Police Officers will make sure to use proper force in every situation and will not overuse their power as authority figures. B. If a citizen decides to use deadly force against an individual and that individual is killed, that citizen should face jail time, unless that individual posed a threat to their life or others. 1. Citizens find that they can shoot anyone for anything. Unless this person is trying to cause physical harm to them, citizens should not have the authority to use deadly force against anyone. 2. If someone is in a domestic violence situation and the police is called the individual causing harm should automatically be arrested and charges should be placed on that individual. No more allowing the victim the ability to agree or disagree to these charges. Not only will this allow the abuse to get out of the situation, this will also help with future violence†¦including murder. Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 4 of 8 5 C. Police Officers should always use a stun gun or pepper spray whenever they come across an irate individual. 1. Police officers should always use their pepper spray or stun guns when taking down or taking in an unarm individual. Especially if there is more than one officer at the scene of the crime. If someone is resisting arrest use the stun gun or pepper spray to subdue the individual. Let’s stop violence with using more force than necessary. VII. Conclusion A. It has slightly change throughout the years with African American men and women having the right to vote and sit peacefully in a restaurant without being bothered or called names but in all fairness, African American people will always have it hard. Yes, we have an African American president but that does not stop the high numbers of frisking or being stop by the police after purchasing a high dollar amount item because someone believes you could possibly be a thief. Yes, the statistics throughout the years to come might dwindled down but the Black race will be looked down upon and will called criminals because of a few bad apples. The Black race will still continue to be murdered in the streets, unarmed or surrendering with no proper justice because, like the saying, the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior. Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 5 of 8 6 References Collica, K. Furst, G. (2012). Crime and Society. San Diego CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. It explains criminology and how society responds to crime. It breaks down crime through age, gender, race, education and living conditions. It shows statistics of crime and types of crime and explains how the statistics are measured. Epp, C. , Maynard-Moody, S. (2014). Driving While Black. Washington Monthly, 46(1/2), 14- 16. Retrieved from http://eds. a. ebscohost. com. proxy- library. ashford. edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=212adf44-d029-44a2-9c35- b2a2e0dc1f07%40sessionmgr4002vid=6hid=4203. This article discussed the statistics involving driving and frisking among all races. It breaks down the measurements through race, age, sex, education and living conditions. It discuss how the African American race will always be prejudice upon. Gabbidon, S. L. , Jordan, K. L. , Penn, E. B. , Higgins, G. E. (2014). Black Supporters of the No-Discrimination Thesis in Criminal Justice: A Portrait of an Understudied Segment of the Black Community. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 25(5), 637. Retrieved from http://cjp. sagepub. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/content/25/5/637. full. pdf+html This article explains the different methods used to measure the African American response to the criminal justice system. Six hundred African American individuals were surveyed and only 26% believes that the criminal justice system is not prejudice against one race. The measurements are broken down into age, education and living conditions. The older generation of African Americans made up most of the 26 percentage. Harris, D. (2013). Shopping While Black. World News with Diane Sawyer, 1. Retrieved from Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 6 of 8 7 http://eds. b. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/eds/detail/detail? vid=1sid=e32d3682- cdb2-48b8-8a38- a2f84927e979%40sessionmgr198hid=104bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU. %3d#db=bwhAN=91694591 This article not only discussed certain African American individuals views and experience with the high in department store Barney’s but also questions a high profile celebrity on his involvement with the company. They question his beliefs and how he feels about the controversy surrounding the company. Rosich, K. J. (2007). Race, Ethnicity, and the Criminal Justice System. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association. Retrieved from http://www. asanet. org/images/press/docs/pdf/ASARaceCrime. pdf This article explains the many statistics and research data performed on racism and race relations issues. Statistics are measured through, race, gender, age, education, employment, living conditions and other factors. S-1038 – End Racial Profiling Act of 2013. (2013). Retrieved October 26, 2014, from https://www. congress. gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/1038? q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B %22end+racial+profiling+act+2014%22%5D%7D This article discuss and explains what the End Racial Profiling Act of 2013 is. This act was introduced in May of 2013 with every action that has taken place with voting, amendments and other act created based off it is documented. Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 7 of 8.